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size of an army

Толкование Перевод

1 size of an army

Макаров: численность армии

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > size of an army
2 the size of an army

Макаров: численность армии

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the size of an army
3 (the) size of the army

численность армии

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) size of the army
4 size

[saɪz]
n

размер, формат, величина, габариты, объём, номер

Neither of the coins were of any size. — Обе монеты были небольшими по размеру.

It was the only hotel of any (some) size in the town. — Это единственная в городе более или менее большая гостиница.

The size of cards I want is three by five inches. — Мне нужны карточки размером три на пять дюймов.

- large size
- small size
- small size
- enormous size
- moderate size
- right size
- wrong size
- children's sizes
- two sizes bigger
- magazine size
- size large
- size too big
- size six gloves
- size of the army
- special size of paper
- size of a house
- size of the animal
- size of the gun
- size of the book
- size of the industry
- size of the problem
- size of his understanding
- big in size
- equal in size
- handy in size
- third in size in the world
- judging by its size
- largest gallery of its size
- books of all sizes
- book of an awkward size
- cooks' knives in graduated sizes
- town of some size
- dictionary of pocket size
- blocks of ice one cubic foot in size
- woolen blankets in generous size
- below the usual size
- beyond the natural size
- arrange books by size
- be of a large size
- be of the same size
- be out size
- compare the sizes of two things
- cut smb down to size
- cut smth to size
- double in size
- exceed the middle size
- expend to its proper size
- guess the size of the stone
- increase by size
- draw smth life size
- regulate the size of families
- value the collection for its size
- take smb's size
- try smth for size
- take a certain size
- size matters less than quality
- book is of the same size
- scale is full size
USAGE:

(1.) Существительные, сочетающиеся со словом size в значении "номер, размер", употребляются без предлога: What size shoes (gloves) do you wear? Какой номер ботинок (перчаток) вы носите? I wear size seven glove. Я ношу седьмой размер перчаток. Предложный оборот со словом size возможен, если связанное с ним существительное стоит в форме множественного числа: I take/wear size 48 in dresses. What size do you take in shoes? (2.) See height, n; USAGE (1.).

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > size
5 size

1. n размер, величина; объём

the size of an animal — величина животного

the size of an army — численность армии

the size of a building — размеры здания

to be of a size — быть одного размера

in size — по величине, по размерам

to be the size of a pea — быть величиной с горошину

size in pages — количество страниц

full size — в натуральную величину

transient size — изменяющийся размер

trueness to size — точность размеров

in order of size — согласно размеру

set to size — устанавливать на размер

size degradation — уменьшение размера

2. n номер, размер

to take a large size in boots — носить большой размер ботинок

to nurse to a certain size — вырастить до известного размера

to grow to a large size — увеличиваться до больших размеров

to be much of a size — быть приблизительно одного размера

contact size — размер изображения, равный размеру оригинала

rework to size — повторная обработка до заданного размера

3. n уровень способностей; склад характера

a man of size — человек больших возможностей

size of a region — уровень значимости

4. n тех. калибр

size of wire — калибр провода

5. n спец. формат; размер, величина

nominal size — номинальный размер

size control — регулирование размера

untrimmed size — промышленный формат

full size form — полноформатная форма

size detection — определение размеров

size of interval — величина интервала

6. n полигр. кегль

fractional size — дробный кегль

bastard size — нестандартный кегль

point size range — диапазон кеглей

original character size — базовый кегль знака

normal size — нормальный кегль ; недробный кегль

7. n инструмент для измерения величины жемчужин

salon use size — типоразмер для парикмахерских салонов

actual size — натуральная величина; фактический размер

salon size — типоразмер для парикмахерских салонов

family size — типоразмер для семейного пользования

average particle size — средняя величина частиц

8. n ист. стандартная мера

standard size — стандартный формат

standard trim size — стандартный обрезной формат

9. n мор. жарг. скудный паёк

10. v располагать, расставлять по величине

to size soldiers — выстраивать солдат по росту

optimum size lot — оптимальная величина партии

stratification by size — деление по величине

of overwhelming size — подавляющей величины

half size — в половину натуральной величины

tap drill size — размер сверла под резьбу

11. v сортировать по величине

cassette size — величина кассеты

life size — натуральная величина

real size — натуральная величина

natural size — натуральная величина

in actual size — в натуральную величину

12. v определять размер, величину; измерять

reproduction size — размер оригинала при воспроизведении

economic size — экономичный размер; оптимальный размер

there is nothing in my size — моего размера ничего нет

a dress of an out size — платье очень большого размера

normal transfer size — нормальный размер изображения

13. v тех. калибровать

14. n спец. клей; шлихта

size colour — клеевая краска

animal size — животный клей

algal size — клей из водорослей

oil-repellent size — жироустойчивый клей

brown size — нейтральный канифольный клей

rosin-wax size — канифольно-парафиновый клей

15. n текст. аппрет

16. v спец. проклеивать; шлихтовать

17. v текст. аппретировать

Синонимический ряд:

1. admeasurement (noun) admeasurement; dimensionality; dimensions; measure; proportion

2. amount (noun) amount; quantity; sum

3. area (noun) area; diameter; expanse

4. capacity (noun) capacity; content; volume

5. coating (noun) coating; glaze; glue

6. extent (noun) amplitude; bigness; bulk; dimension; extent; greatness; largeness; magnitude; mass; measurements; proportions; sizableness; tonnage; vastness

7. coat (verb) coat; glaze; glue

8. measure (verb) catalogue; measure; sort

English-Russian base dictionary > size
6 size

I
1. [saız] n

1. размер(ы), величина; объём

the size of an animal - величина животного

the size of an army - численность армии

the size of a building - размеры здания

to be of a /one/ size - быть одного /одинакового/ размера

in size - по величине, по размерам

to be the size of smth. - быть равным чему-л. по величине

to be the size of a pea - быть величиной с горошину

size in pages - количество страниц

full size - в натуральную величину

budget size - в мелкой упаковке (преим. о косметике, духах и т. п.)

economy size - экономичная расфасовка (большие пакеты, коробки и т. п. продовольственных или хозяйственных товаров)

2. номер, размер ( предметов одежды)

to take /to wear/ a large [a small] size in boots [in gloves, in hats] - носить большой [маленький] размер ботинок [перчаток, шляп]

to be a size too big - быть на номер больше, чем нужно

3. уровень способностей; склад характера

a man of (a) size - человек больших возможностей

a man of (a) larger size - более крупная фигура

the size(s) of smb.'s understanding - границы /пределы/ чьего-л. понимания

4. тех. калибр

5. спец. формат; размер, величина

nominal size - номинальный размер

6. полигр. кегль

7. инструмент для измерения величины жемчужин

8. ист. стандартная мера (веса и т. п.)

9. pl мор. жарг. скудный паёк

♢ that's about the size of it - вот что это такое; вот в чём дело; таковы факты

to cut smb. down to size - поставить кого-л. на место; оборвать, обрезать (зазнайку и т. п.)

to try for size - а) примерять; to try shoes for size - примерить обувь (подходит ли по размеру, не жмёт ли и т. п.); б) выяснять пригодность, ценность и т. п.; присматриваться к чему-л.; try this idea for size - обдумайте хорошенько эту мысль

2. [saız] v

1. 1) располагать, расставлять по величине (тж. size out)

to size soldiers [a company, a platoon] - выстраивать солдат [роту, взвод] по росту

2) сортировать по величине

2. ( часто size up)

1) определять размер, величину; измерять

2) тех. калибровать

3) = size up

3. устанавливать величину (чего-л.; тж. size out); подгонять по величине; доводить до какого-л. размера
II
1. [saız] n

1) спец. клей; шлихта

size colour - стр. клеевая краска

2) текст. аппрет

2. [saız] v

1) спец. проклеивать; шлихтовать

2) текст. аппретировать

НБАРС > size
7 size

size [saɪz]

1 noun

(a) (gen) taille f; (of ball, tumour) taille f, grosseur f; (of region, desert, forest) étendue f, superficie f; (of carpet, machine, car) dimensions fpl, taille f; (of difficulty, operation, problem) importance f, ampleur f; (of debt, bill, sum) montant m, importance f; Computing (of file) taille f; (of font) corps m, taille f;

∎ to buy a house of comparable size in London would be impossible on ne pourrait pas acheter une maison de cette taille à Londres;

∎ the two rooms are the same size les deux pièces sont de la même taille ou ont les mêmes dimensions;

∎ it's about the size of a dinner plate c'est à peu près de la taille d'une assiette;

∎ the kitchen is the size of a cupboard la cuisine est grande comme un placard;

∎ my garden is half the size of hers mon jardin fait la moitié du sien;

∎ average family size is four persons la famille moyenne est composée de quatre personnes;

∎ you should have seen the size of the truck! si tu avais vu la taille du camion!;

∎ it's a city of some size c'est une ville assez importante;

∎ the town has no hotels of any size la ville n'a pas d'hôtel important;

∎ I was surprised by the size of the bill j'ai été étonné par le montant de la note;

∎ we weren't expecting a crowd of this size nous ne nous attendions pas à une foule aussi nombreuse;

∎ the crowd was steadily growing in size la foule grossissait à vue d'œil;

∎ the tumour is increasing in size la tumeur grossit;

∎ the budget will have to double in size le budget devra être multiplié par deux;

∎ the army has doubled in size les effectifs de l'armée ont doublé;

∎ a block of marble one cubic metre in size un bloc de marbre d'un mètre cube;

∎ the cupboards can be built to size les placards peuvent être construits sur mesure;

∎ familiar that's about the size of it! en gros, c'est ça!

(b) (of clothes → gen) taille f; (of shoes, gloves, hat) pointure f, taille f;

∎ what size are you?, what size do you take? (for clothes) quelle taille faites-vous?; (for shoes) quelle est votre pointure?, vous chaussez du combien?;

∎ I take (a) size 40 je fais du 40;

∎ I take a size 5 shoe ≃ je chausse du 38;

∎ I need a size larger/smaller (clothes) il me faut la taille au-dessus/au-dessous; (shoes) il me faut la pointure au-dessus/au-dessous;

∎ we've nothing in your size nous n'avons rien dans votre taille;

∎ try this jacket on for size essayez cette veste pour voir si c'est votre taille;

∎ familiar try this one for size! prends ça!

(c) (for paper, textiles, leather) apprêt m; (for plaster) enduit m

2 transitive verb

(a) (sort) trier selon la taille

(b) (make) fabriquer aux dimensions voulues;

∎ the clothing is sized for the American market les vêtements sont faits pour le marché américain

(c) (paper, textiles, leather) apprêter; (plaster) enduire

(d) Computing dimensionner

►► Computing size box case f de dimensionnement

➲ size up separable transitive verb

(stranger, rival) jauger; (problem, chances) mesurer;

∎ we all waited outside, sizing each other up nous attendions tous dehors, nous observant les uns les autres;

∎ she sized up the situation immediately elle a tout de suite compris ce qui se passait

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > size
8 size

̈ɪsaɪz I
1. сущ.
1) а) размер, величина;
габариты, объем in size ≈ по величине, по объему full size ≈ в натуральную величину the size of a building ≈ размеры здания crew size ≈ численность группы Syn: volume б) калибр, формат Syn: format в) емкость memory size ≈ емкость памяти( запоминающего устройства) Syn: capacity, bulk
2) масштаб, размах Syn: scope
3) размер (одежды) to take разг., wear (a) certain size ≈ носить одежду/обувь определенного размера What size do you wear? ≈ Какой размер вы носите? an enormous, tremendous size ≈ очень большой размер large size ≈ большой размер moderate size ≈ средний размер small size ≈ маленький размер ight size ≈ нужный, подходящий размер wrong size ≈ не тот, неподходящий размер They gave me the wrong size. ≈ Они дали мне не тот размер. boys' sizes ≈ размеры для мальчиков children's sizes ≈ детские размеры girls' sizes ≈ размеры для девочек junior sizes ≈ подростковые размеры men's sizes ≈ размеры для мужчин misses' sizes ≈ размеры для девушек women's sizes ≈ размеры для женщин
4) полигр. кегль
2. гл. сортировать по величине size up II
1. сущ. клей, шлихта Syn: glue, paste
2. гл. проклеивать, шлихтовать Syn: paste, glue размер(ы), величина;
объем - the * of an animal величина животного - the * of an army численность армии - the * of a building размеры здания - to be of a * быть одного размера - in * по величине, по размерам - to be the * of smth. быть равным чему-либо по величине - to be the * of a pea быть величиной с горошину - * in pages количество страниц - full * в натуральную величину - budget * в мелкой упаковке (преим. о косметике, духах) - economy * экономичная расфасовка( большие пакеты, коробки продовольственных или козяйственных товаров) номер, размер ( предметов одежды) - to take a large * in boots носить большой размер ботинок - to be a * too big быть на номер больше, чем нужно уровень способностей;
склад характера - a man of (a) * человек больших возможностей - a man of (a) large * более крупная фигура the *(s) of smb.'s understanding границы чьего-либо понимания (техническое) калибр (специальное) формат;
размер, величина - nominal * номинальный размер (полиграфия) кегль инструмент для измерения величины жемчужин (историческое) стандартная мера( веса) (морское) (жаргон) скудный паек > that's about the * of it вот что это такое;
вот в чем дело;
таковы факты > to cut smb. down to * поставить кого-либо на место;
оборвать, обрезать( зазнайку) > to try for * примерять > to try shoes for * примерять обувь (подходит ли по размеру, не жмет ли > to try for * выяснять пригодность, ценность;
присматриваться к чему-либо > try this idea for * обдумайте хорошенько эту мысль располагать, расставлять по величине (тж. * out) - to * soldiers выстраивать солдат по росту сортировать по величине (часто * up) определять размер, величину;
измерять( техническое) калибровать оценивать;
составлять мнение( о ком-либо или о чем-либо) - to * a man правильно оценить человека - to * a situation правильно понять ситуацию - to * a customer at a glance с одного взгляда понять, что собой представляет клиент - he tried to * the reaction of the audience он старался уловить реакцию слушателей (американизм) (to, with) допускать сопоставление, быть сопоставимым;
соответствовать - he does not * to my expectations он не оправдывает моих ожиданий;
он не то, что я ожидал устанавливать величину (чего-либо;
тж. * out) ;
подгонять по величине;
доводить до какого-либо размера (специальное) клей;
шлихта - * colour (строительство) клеевая краска( текстильное) аппрет( специальное) проклеивать;
шлихтовать (текстильное) аппретировать average sample ~ средний объем выборки block ~ вчт. размер блока character ~ вчт. длина знака coin-vended ~ размер монеты, пригодный для торгового автомата disk ~ вчт. размер диска fixed sample ~ выборка постоянного объема full ~ вчт. полный grain ~ вчт. степень детализации increment ~ вчт. шаг line ~ вчт. длина строки memory ~ вчт. емкость запоминающего устройства memory ~ вчт. емкость памяти minimum sample ~ минимальный объем выборки postcard ~ формат почтовой открытки program ~ вчт. размер программы queue ~ вчт. длина очереди queue ~ вчт. число ожидающих требований record ~ вчт. длина записи relative ~ относительный размер sample ~ вчт. объем выборки sample ~ вчт. размер выборки size величина ~ разг. истинное положение вещей;
that's about the size of it вот что это такое ~ полигр. кегль ~ клей, шлихта ~ номер (перчаток и т. п.) ~ объем ~ проклеивать, шлихтовать ~ размер, величина;
объем ~ размер ~ сортировать по величине ~ формат, калибр ~ up определять размер, величину ~ up разг. составить мнение (о ком-л.) stack ~ вчт. размер стека storage ~ вчт. емкость ЗУ ~ разг. истинное положение вещей;
that's about the size of it вот что это такое trial ~ пробный объем type ~ полигр. кегль шрифта window ~ вчт. размер окна word ~ вчт. длина слова

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > size
9 swiss army knife

армейский нож

outside knife — нож для разрезания шкуры по шерстной стороне

ridge slicing knife — ребристый нож Чижека для резки свеклы

nasal plastic knife — нож для носовых пластических операций

amputating knife of middle size — средний ампутационный нож

serrated cane knife — зубчатый нож для сахарного тростника

English-Russian base dictionary > swiss army knife
10 армия арми·я

1) (вооружённые силы) army, armed forces

ввести армию в страну — to march one's army into a country

окружить армию противника — to hedge in the enemy's army

вооружать армию — to equip an army (with arms)

вступить / пойти в армию — to go into / to join the army

командовать армией — to lead an army

оснащать армию — to equip an army (with technical equipment)

расформировать армию — to disband an army

служить в армии — to serve in the army

содержать армию — to maintain an army

воздушная армия — air army

воздушная армия стратегической авиации (США) — Strategic Air Force

действующая армия — army in the field, combat army; field forces амер.

кадровая / регулярная армия — regular army

марионеточная армия — puppet army

наёмная армия — army of mercenaries, mercenary army

народно-освободительная армия — people's liberation army

национально-освободительная армия, — HOA national-liberation army

непобедимая армия — invincible army

общевойсковая армия — combined-arms army

оккупационная армия — occupation army, army of occupation

отдельная армия — detached army

повстанческая армия — insurgent army

постоянная армия — standing army

регулярная армия — regular / standing army

резервная армия — reserve army

Российская Армия — Russian Army

Советская Армия ист. — the Soviet Army

экспедиционная армия — expeditionary army

армия вторжения — invasion army

армия прикрытия — covering army

армия противника — hostile army

группа армий — army group

личный состав армии на действительной службе — active army

оснащение армии новейшей боевой техникой — equipment of an army with up-to-date materiel

создание армии — make-up of the army

численный состав армии — size of an army

2) (общество, организация) army

промышленная резервная армия — industrial reserve force

резервная армия труда — reserve army of labour

армия безработных — army of unemployed

Армия спасения (международная благотворительная организация) — Salvation Army

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > армия арми·я
11 численность армии

Makarov: numerical force of an army, size of an army, the numerical force of an army, the size of an army

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > численность армии
12 многочисленность

жен. multiplicity

многочисленн|ость - ж. large number, great size;
~ армии the great size of the army;
~ опытов the large number of experiments;
~ый
1. (состоящий из большого числа кого-л., чего-л.) large;
~ая толпа large crowd;

2. (имеющийся в большом количестве) numerous.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > многочисленность
13 regular

adj.

1 regular (features, pulse, verb)

2 habitual (normal, habitual); normal, mediano(a) (in size)

3 regular (army)

4 verdadero(a), auténtico(a) (familiar) (para enfatizar)

5 de siempre, ordinario.

6 metódico.

7 cíclico.

s.

1 habitual parroquiano(a) (in bar, restaurant)

2 súper (petrol) (Estados Unidos)

3 cliente habitual.

Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > regular
14 regular

'reɡjulə
1. adjective
1) (usual: Saturday is his regular day for shopping; That isn't our regular postman, is it?) habitual

2) ((American) normal: He's too handicapped to attend a regular school.) normal, común

3) (occurring, acting etc with equal amounts of space, time etc between: They placed guards at regular intervals round the camp; Is his pulse regular?) regular

4) (involving doing the same things at the same time each day etc: a man of regular habits.) regular

5) (frequent: He's a regular visitor; He's one of our regular customers.) habitual

6) (permanent; lasting: He's looking for a regular job.) permanente, fijo

7) ((of a noun, verb etc) following one of the usual grammatical patterns of the language: `Walk' is a regular verb, but `go' is an irregular verb.) regular

8) (the same on both or all sides or parts; neat; symmetrical: a girl with regular features; A square is a regular figure.) regular

9) (of ordinary size: I don't want the large size of packet - just give me the regular one.) de tamaño normal

10) ((of a soldier) employed full-time, professional; (of an army) composed of regular soldiers.) profesional

2. noun
1) (a soldier in the regular army.) soldado profesional

2) (a regular customer (eg at a bar).) habitual

•

- regularity
- regularly
- regulate
- regulation
- regulator

regular adj

1. regular

there are regular and irregular verbs hay verbos regulares e irregulares

2. habitual

he is a regular customer es un cliente habitual

regular 1 adjetivo 1 ( en general) regular 2
a) ( no muy bien):

◊ ¿qué tal te va? — regular how's it going? — so-so;
¿qué tal la película? — regular how was the movie? — nothing special
b) ( de tamaño) medium-sized, middling
■ sustantivo masculino ( calificación) fair
regular 2 ( conjugate regular) verbo transitivo 1
a) ‹espejo/asiento› to adjust

b) ‹caudal/temperatura/velocidad› to regulate, control
2 [ley/norma] to regulate
regular
I adjetivo
1 regular
un ejército regular, a regular army
2 (metódico, sin alteraciones) la marcha regular de los acontecimientos, the orderly progress of events
3 (habitual) regular
4 (mediano) average, regular (mediocre) average
II adverbio so-so
III verbo transitivo
1 (organizar, someter a normas) to regulate, control
2 (ajustar) to adjust ' regular' also found in these entries: Spanish: ahorcarse - asidua - asiduo - bribón - bribona - dosificar - habitual - milicia - once - parroquiana - parroquiano - periodicidad - roce - vuelo - café - cliente - controlar - fijo - gasolina - graduación - graduar - normal - ordinario English: adjust - average - control - lie - moderate - much - regular - regular army - regulate - scheduled flight - second-class - so-so - spot-check - steady - assure - casual - clock - even - flier - routine - scheduled - second - shuttle

regular

tr['regjʊlə^SMALLr/SMALL]

adjective

1 (gen) regular

■ the buses on this route are very regular los autobuses de esta línea son muy regulares

■ I submit regular reports to my boss a mi jefe le presento informes regularmente

■ regular attendance is essential la asistencia regular es imprescindible

2 (normal) normal, usual, de siempre

■ our regular milkman will be back next week el lechero de siempre volverá la semana que viene

3 (habitual) habitual, asiduo,-a

■ he's one of our regular customers es uno de nuestros clientes habituales

4 (normal in size) de tamaño normal

■ do you want regular or giant? ¿quiere tamaño normal o gigante?

5 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL (pleasant) simpático,-a; (honest) legal

noun

1 familiar cliente nombre masulino o femenino habitual

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

as regular as clockwork con una regularidad cronométrica

regular army ejército regular

regular soldier soldado profesional

regular ['rɛgjələr] adj

1) normal: regular, normal, usual

2) steady: uniforme, regular

a regular pace: un paso regular

3) customary, habitual: habitual, de costumbre

regular n

: cliente mf habitual

regular

adj.

• acompasado, -a adj.

• asiduo, -a adj.

• correcto, -a adj.

• efectivo, -a adj.

• formal adj.

• habitual adj.

• normal adj.

• reglamentario, -a adj.

• regular adj.

n.

• obrero permanente s.m.

• regular s.m.

I 'regjələr, 'regjʊlə(r)
adjective

1)

a) ( evenly spaced) < breathing> acompasado; <heartbeat/pulse> regular

at regular intervals — ( in time) con regularidad; ( in space) a intervalos regulares

b) (consistent, habitual) <customer/reader> habitual, asiduo

it's a regular occurrence — eso es muy frecuente or pasa con mucha frecuencia

to be in regular employment — tener* empleo fijo

a regular income — una fuente regular de ingresos

on a regular basis — con regularidad, regularmente

c) ( Med)

to be regular — ( in bowel habits) hacer* de vientre con regularidad; ( in menstrual cycles) ser* regular

d) ( customary) habitual

the regular procedure — el procedimiento usual or de costumbre

2) (even, symmetrical) < shape> regular; < teeth> regular, parejo (AmL)

he has regular features — es de rasgos (bien) proporcionados

3)

a) <size/model> normal

regular grade gasoline — (AmE) gasolina f or (Andes) bencina f or (RPl) nafta f normal

b) ( Ling) <verb/plural> regular

4) (colloq)

a) (as intensifier) verdadero

he's a regular comedian — es muy gracioso

b) ( straightforward) (AmE)

he's a regular guy — es un gran tipo (fam), es un tío majo (Esp fam)

5) ( Mil) <soldier/officer> de carrera

the regular army — el ejército profesional

II

noun

1) ( customer) cliente mf habitual, asiduo, -dua m,f

party regular — (AmE Pol) militante mf del partido

2) ( Mil) militar mf de carrera

['reɡjʊlǝ(r)]
1. ADJ

1) (=symmetrical) [shape, pattern] (also Math) regular

he has regular features — es de facciones regulares

2) (=even) [surface, teeth] uniforme, parejo (esp LAm)

3) (=recurring at even intervals) [pulse, flights, breathing, order] regular

• to take regular exercise — hacer ejercicio con regularidad

• at regular intervals — (in time) con regularidad; (in space) a intervalos regulares

the doctor examined the baby at regular intervals — el médico examinaba al bebé con regularidad

the signs were placed at regular intervals along the beach — las señales estaban situadas a intervalos regulares a lo largo de la playa

• it's important to eat regular meals — es importante comer con regularidad

• he placed a regular order with us — nos hizo un pedido regular

• to make regular use of sth — usar algo con regularidad

to be in regular use — utilizarse de manera regular

- as regular as clockwork

4) (=habitual, customary) [visitor, customer, reader, listener] habitual, asiduo; [doctor, partner] habitual; [action, procedure] acostumbrado, normal

they are regular churchgoers — van a misa con regularidad or con asiduidad

our regular waiter — el camarero que nos sirve normalmente

it's past his regular bedtime — ya ha pasado su hora normal de acostarse

• on a regular basis — con regularidad

• to be in regular employment — tener un trabajo fijo

• the regular staff — el personal habitual

• to have a regular time for doing sth — tener hora fija para hacer algo, hacer algo siempre a la misma hora

5) (=unvarying)

• a man of regular habits — un hombre metódico, un hombre ordenado (en sus costumbres)

• to keep regular hours — llevar una vida ordenada

6) (=frequent) frecuente

I have to make regular trips to France — tengo que viajar a Francia con frecuencia, tengo que hacer viajes frecuentes a Francia

• to be in or to have regular contact with sb — mantener or tener un contacto frecuente con algn

• it's a regular occurrence — pasa con frecuencia, es algo frecuente

7) (Mil) [soldier, army] profesional, de carrera

8) (Ling) [verb etc] regular

9) * (as intensifier)

• a regular bore — un auténtico pesado

• a regular feast — un verdadero banquete

• he's a regular fool — es un verdadero idiota

• a regular nuisance — un auténtico pesado

10) (US) (=ordinary, normal) normal

I'm just a regular guy — no soy más que un tío normal (y corriente)

• regular fries — porción f mediana de patatas fritas

• regular gasoline — gasolina f normal

• regular size — tamaño m normal

11) * (=not constipated)

to be regular — hacer de vientre con regularidad

12) * (in menstruation)

I'm quite regular — mi periodo es bastante regular

2. N

1) (=customer) (in pub, bar) cliente mf habitual, parroquiano(-a) m / f

one of the regulars at the club — un asiduo del club

he's a regular on the programme — es un invitado habitual del programa

2) (Mil) militar mf de carrera

3) (US) (=petrol) gasolina f normal

* * *

I ['regjələr, 'regjʊlə(r)]
adjective

1)

a) ( evenly spaced) < breathing> acompasado; <heartbeat/pulse> regular

at regular intervals — ( in time) con regularidad; ( in space) a intervalos regulares

b) (consistent, habitual) <customer/reader> habitual, asiduo

it's a regular occurrence — eso es muy frecuente or pasa con mucha frecuencia

to be in regular employment — tener* empleo fijo

a regular income — una fuente regular de ingresos

on a regular basis — con regularidad, regularmente

c) ( Med)

to be regular — ( in bowel habits) hacer* de vientre con regularidad; ( in menstrual cycles) ser* regular

d) ( customary) habitual

the regular procedure — el procedimiento usual or de costumbre

2) (even, symmetrical) < shape> regular; < teeth> regular, parejo (AmL)

he has regular features — es de rasgos (bien) proporcionados

3)

a) <size/model> normal

regular grade gasoline — (AmE) gasolina f or (Andes) bencina f or (RPl) nafta f normal

b) ( Ling) <verb/plural> regular

4) (colloq)

a) (as intensifier) verdadero

he's a regular comedian — es muy gracioso

b) ( straightforward) (AmE)

he's a regular guy — es un gran tipo (fam), es un tío majo (Esp fam)

5) ( Mil) <soldier/officer> de carrera

the regular army — el ejército profesional

II

noun

1) ( customer) cliente mf habitual, asiduo, -dua m,f

party regular — (AmE Pol) militante mf del partido

2) ( Mil) militar mf de carrera

English-spanish dictionary > regular
15 cuerpo

m.

1 body.

a cuerpo without a coat on

de cuerpo entero full-length (retrato, espejo)

en cuerpo y alma body and soul

luchar cuerpo a cuerpo to fight hand-to-hand

de cuerpo presente (lying) in state

tomar cuerpo to take shape

vivir a cuerpo de rey to live like a king

¡cuerpo a tierra! hit the ground!, get down!

cuerpo celeste heavenly body

cuerpo extraño foreign body

el cuerpo humano the human body

2 main body (parte principal).

3 thickness (consistencia).

mover hasta que la mezcla tome cuerpo stir until the mixture thickens

el proyecto de nuevo aeropuerto va tomando cuerpo the new airport project is taking shape

4 corps.

cuerpo de bomberos fire brigade (British), fire department (United States)

cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps

cuerpo de policía police force

5 section (parte de armario, edificio).

6 point (Imprenta) (de letra).

7 corpus, body, main section of a bodily part, main section of an organism.

8 mass of tissue, corpus.

* * *

cuerpo

► nombre masculino

1 ANATOMÍA body

2 (constitución) build

3 (figura) figure; (tronco) trunk

4 (tronco) trunk

5 (grupo) body, force, corps

■ el cuerpo de bomberos the fire brigade (US the fire department)

6 (cadáver) corpse, body

7 (parte) section, part; (parte principal) main part, main body

■ el cuerpo del libro the main body of the book

■ un armario de dos cuerpos a wardrobe in two sections

8 QUÍMICA substance

9 FÍSICA body

10 (vino, tela, etc) body

11 DEPORTE length

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a cuerpo descubierto defenceless (US defenseless)

cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand

de cuerpo entero full-length

en cuerpo y alma figurado heart and soul, body and soul

estar de cuerpo presente to lie in state

hacer de cuerpo eufemístico to relieve oneself

no tener nada en el cuerpo to have an empty stomach

tener buen cuerpo to have a good figure

tomar cuerpo figurado to take shape

cuerpo de baile corps de ballet

cuerpo del delito DERECHO evidence, corpus delicti

cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps

cuerpo legislativo legislative body

cuerpo geométrico regular solid

cuerpos celestes heavenly bodies

* * *

noun m.

1) body

2) corps

* * *

SM

1) (Anat) body

me dolía todo el cuerpo — my body was aching all over, I was aching all over

se le metió el frío en el cuerpo — he caught a chill

nos sacó dos cuerpos de ventaja — she was two lengths ahead of us

cuerpo a cuerpo —

fue una lucha cuerpo a cuerpo — it was hand-to-hand combat

un cuerpo a cuerpo entre los dos políticos — a head-on o head-to-head confrontation between the two politicians

• de cuerpo entero — [retrato, espejo] full-length

• de medio cuerpo — [retrato, espejo] half-length

• cuerpo serrano — hum body to die for

• ¡cuerpo a tierra! — hit the ground!

dar con el cuerpo en tierra — to fall down, fall to the ground

- en cuerpo y alma

a cuerpo gentil —

salió a cuerpo gentil — he went out without wrapping up properly

un combate a cuerpo gentil — a hand-to-hand fight

- a cuerpo limpio

a cuerpo de rey —

vive a cuerpo de rey — he lives like a king

nos trataron a cuerpo de rey — they treated us like royalty

- hacer del cuerpo

- hurtar el cuerpo

hurtó el cuerpo y eludió a sus vecinos — he sneaked off o away and avoided his neighbours

pedirle a algn algo el cuerpo —

hice lo que en ese momento me pedía el cuerpo — I did what my body was telling me to do at that moment

2) (=cadáver) body, corpse

encontraron el cuerpo entre los matorrales — they found the body o corpse in the bushes

de cuerpo presente: su marido aún estaba de cuerpo presente — her husband had not yet been buried

funeral de cuerpo presente — funeral service, funeral

3) (=grupo)

el cuerpo social — society

cuerpo de baile — corps de ballet

cuerpo de bomberos — fire brigade, fire department (EEUU)

cuerpo de doctrina — body of teaching

cuerpo de leyes — body of laws

cuerpo de policía — police force

cuerpo de sanidad — medical corps

cuerpo diplomático — diplomatic corps

cuerpo electoral — electorate

cuerpo legislativo — legislative body

4) (=parte) [de mueble] section, part; [de un vestido] bodice; (=parte principal) main body

un armario de dos cuerpos — a cupboard in two sections o parts

5) (=objeto) body, object

cuerpo celeste — heavenly body

cuerpo compuesto — compound

cuerpo del delito — corpus delicti

cuerpo extraño — foreign body

cuerpo geométrico — geometric shape

cuerpo simple — element

6) (=consistencia) [de vino] body

un vino de mucho cuerpo — a full-bodied wine

• dar cuerpo a algo, el suavizante que da cuerpo a su cabello — the conditioner that gives your hair body

hay que darle un poco más cuerpo a la salsa — the sauce needs thickening a bit more

sugirieron varios puntos para dar cuerpo al proyecto — they suggested several points to round out o give more substance to the project

• tomar cuerpo — [plan, proyecto, personaje, historia] to take shape

batió las claras hasta que tomaron cuerpo — she beat the egg whites until they were fluffy o stiff

el vino va tomando cuerpo con los años — aging gives the wine more body

7) (Tip) [de letra] point, point size

negritas del cuerpo seis — six-point bold

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (Anat) body

es de cuerpo menudo — she's slightly built

tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo — (fam) he was scared stiff (colloq)

de cuerpo entero — full-length

a cuerpo de rey — (fam)

vive a cuerpo de rey — he lives like a king

nos atendieron a cuerpo de rey — they treated us like royalty

a cuerpo gentil — (fam) without a coat (o sweater etc)

cuerpo a cuerpo — hand-to-hand

echarse algo al cuerpo — (fam) < comida> to have something to eat; < bebida> to have something to drink

entregarse a algo en cuerpo y alma — to put one's heart and soul into something (fam)

pedirle el cuerpo algo a alguien — (fam)

cuando me lo pide el cuerpo — when I feel like it

el cuerpo le pedía un descanso — he felt he had to have a rest

sacar(le) el cuerpo a alguien — (AmL fam) to steer clear of somebody

sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo — (AmL fam) ( a trabajo) to get out of something; ( a responsabilidad) to evade o shirk something

b) ( cadáver) body, corpse

encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río — (period) his lifeless body was found by the river (frml)

c) ( tronco) body

- cuerpo del delito

2) (Equ) length

ganó por tres cuerpos de ventaja — he won by three lengths

3)

a) ( parte principal) main body

b) ( de mueble) part; ( de edificio) section

un armario de dos cuerpos — a double wardrobe

4) (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body

- cuerpo de baile

- cuerpo de bomberos

- cuerpo de doctrina/de leyes

- cuerpo de policía

- cuerpo diplomático

- cuerpo legislativo

- cuerpo médico

5) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object; ( sustancia) substance

- cuerpo celeste

- cuerpo geométrico

6) (consistencia, densidad) body

una tela de mucho cuerpo — a heavy cloth

un vino de mucho cuerpo — a full-bodied wine

dar/tomar cuerpo — idea/escultura to take shape

* * *

= body, body, type size, body-size, corps, shank, cadaver, soma.

Ex. But when he speaks to me he always scans my body and stares at my breasts.

Ex. Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.

Ex. Using golf-ball or daisy-wheel typewriters a good range of typefaces can be used on the same page; different type sizes can also be used.

Ex. A fount of type was a set of letters and other symbols in which each was supplied in approximate proportion to its frequency of use, all being of one body-size and design.

Ex. Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.

Ex. Another device was to make matrices for accented sorts with the punches already used for unaccented sorts: the letter punch was stepped on its shank so that one of several accent punches could be bound on to the step to make a combined punch.

Ex. Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.

Ex. Pyramidal neurons, also known as pyramidal cells, are neurons with a pyramidal-shaped cell body ( soma) and two distinct dendritic trees.

----

* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.

* crema para el cuerlpo = body lotion.

* cuerpo calloso = corpus callosum.

* cuerpo celeste = celestial body, heavenly body.

* cuerpo Danone = body beautiful.

* cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.

* cuerpo de bomberos = fire department.

* cuerpo de estanterías = bay of shelves, range of shelving, range, bay of shelving.

* cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.

* cuerpo de inspectores = inspectorate.

* cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.

* Cuerpo de Marina = Navy Corps.

* Cuerpo de Paz, el = Peace Corps.

* Cuerpo de Zapadores = Army Corps Engineers.

* cuerpo expedicionario = expeditionary force.

* cuerpo extraño = foreign body.

* cuerpo humano, el = human body, the.

* cuerpo político, el = body politic, the.

* cuerpo sin vida = dead body.

* culto al cuerpo = cult of the body, body beautiful.

* dar cuerpo = give + substance.

* dar cuerpo a = flesh out.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* del cuerpo = body.

* foto de medio cuerpo = mugshot [mug shot].

* ingeniero del cuerpo de zapadores = Army Corps engineer.

* luchar cuerpo a cuerpo = clinch.

* miembro del cuerpo = limb.

* órgano del cuerpo = limb, body part.

* pegado al cuerpo = slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.

* seguro por pérdida de un miembro del cuerpo = dismemberment insurance.

* temperatura del cuerpo = body temperature.

* vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (Anat) body

es de cuerpo menudo — she's slightly built

tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo — (fam) he was scared stiff (colloq)

de cuerpo entero — full-length

a cuerpo de rey — (fam)

vive a cuerpo de rey — he lives like a king

nos atendieron a cuerpo de rey — they treated us like royalty

a cuerpo gentil — (fam) without a coat (o sweater etc)

cuerpo a cuerpo — hand-to-hand

echarse algo al cuerpo — (fam) < comida> to have something to eat; < bebida> to have something to drink

entregarse a algo en cuerpo y alma — to put one's heart and soul into something (fam)

pedirle el cuerpo algo a alguien — (fam)

cuando me lo pide el cuerpo — when I feel like it

el cuerpo le pedía un descanso — he felt he had to have a rest

sacar(le) el cuerpo a alguien — (AmL fam) to steer clear of somebody

sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo — (AmL fam) ( a trabajo) to get out of something; ( a responsabilidad) to evade o shirk something

b) ( cadáver) body, corpse

encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río — (period) his lifeless body was found by the river (frml)

c) ( tronco) body

- cuerpo del delito

2) (Equ) length

ganó por tres cuerpos de ventaja — he won by three lengths

3)

a) ( parte principal) main body

b) ( de mueble) part; ( de edificio) section

un armario de dos cuerpos — a double wardrobe

4) (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body

- cuerpo de baile

- cuerpo de bomberos

- cuerpo de doctrina/de leyes

- cuerpo de policía

- cuerpo diplomático

- cuerpo legislativo

- cuerpo médico

5) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object; ( sustancia) substance

- cuerpo celeste

- cuerpo geométrico

6) (consistencia, densidad) body

una tela de mucho cuerpo — a heavy cloth

un vino de mucho cuerpo — a full-bodied wine

dar/tomar cuerpo — idea/escultura to take shape

* * *

= body, body, type size, body-size, corps, shank, cadaver, soma.

Ex: But when he speaks to me he always scans my body and stares at my breasts.

Ex: Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.

Ex: Using golf-ball or daisy-wheel typewriters a good range of typefaces can be used on the same page; different type sizes can also be used.

Ex: A fount of type was a set of letters and other symbols in which each was supplied in approximate proportion to its frequency of use, all being of one body-size and design.

Ex: Quality abstracting services take pride in their corps of abstractors.

Ex: Another device was to make matrices for accented sorts with the punches already used for unaccented sorts: the letter punch was stepped on its shank so that one of several accent punches could be bound on to the step to make a combined punch.

Ex: Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.

Ex: Pyramidal neurons, also known as pyramidal cells, are neurons with a pyramidal-shaped cell body ( soma) and two distinct dendritic trees.

* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.

* crema para el cuerlpo = body lotion.

* cuerpo calloso = corpus callosum.

* cuerpo celeste = celestial body, heavenly body.

* cuerpo Danone = body beautiful.

* cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.

* cuerpo de bomberos = fire department.

* cuerpo de estanterías = bay of shelves, range of shelving, range, bay of shelving.

* cuerpo de estanterías por materia = subject bay.

* cuerpo de inspectores = inspectorate.

* cuerpo de la ficha = body of the card.

* Cuerpo de Marina = Navy Corps.

* Cuerpo de Paz, el = Peace Corps.

* Cuerpo de Zapadores = Army Corps Engineers.

* cuerpo expedicionario = expeditionary force.

* cuerpo extraño = foreign body.

* cuerpo humano, el = human body, the.

* cuerpo político, el = body politic, the.

* cuerpo sin vida = dead body.

* culto al cuerpo = cult of the body, body beautiful.

* dar cuerpo = give + substance.

* dar cuerpo a = flesh out.

* dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* del cuerpo = body.

* foto de medio cuerpo = mugshot [mug shot].

* ingeniero del cuerpo de zapadores = Army Corps engineer.

* luchar cuerpo a cuerpo = clinch.

* miembro del cuerpo = limb.

* órgano del cuerpo = limb, body part.

* pegado al cuerpo = slinky [slinkier -comp., slinkiest -sup.].

* ponerse en forma para la lucir el cuerpo en la playa = get + beach-fit.

* que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.

* seguro por pérdida de un miembro del cuerpo = dismemberment insurance.

* temperatura del cuerpo = body temperature.

* vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.

* * *

cuerpo

masculine

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Anat) body

le dolía todo el cuerpo his whole body ached

es de cuerpo muy menudo she's very slightly built o she has a very slight build

tenía el miedo metido en el cuerpo ( fam); he was scared stiff ( colloq)

un retrato/espejo de cuerpo entero a full-length portrait/mirror

a cuerpo de rey ( fam): vive a cuerpo de rey he lives like a king

nos atendieron a cuerpo de rey they treated us like royalty, they gave us real V.I.P. treatment ( colloq)

a cuerpo or en or de cuerpo gentil ( fam); without a coat ( o sweater etc)

cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand

en un combate cuerpo a cuerpo in hand-to-hand combat

dárselo a algn el cuerpo ( fam): me lo daba el cuerpo que algo había ocurrido I had a feeling that something had happened

echarse algo al cuerpo ( fam); ‹comida› to have sth to eat;

‹bebida› to have sth to drink, knock sth back ( colloq)

en cuerpo y alma ( fam); wholeheartedly

hacer or ir del cuerpo ( euf); to do one's business ( euph)

hurtarle el cuerpo a algo to dodge sth

logró hurtarle el cuerpo al golpe she managed to dodge the blow

pedirle el cuerpo algo a algn ( fam): como cuando me lo pide el cuerpo I eat when I feel like it

el cuerpo le pedía un descanso he felt he had to have a rest, his body was crying out for a rest

pintar or retratar a algn de cuerpo entero: en pocas líneas pinta al personaje de cuerpo entero in a few lines she gives you a complete picture of what the character is like

eso lo pinta de cuerpo entero that shows him in his true colors, that shows him for what he is

sacar(le) el cuerpo a algn ( AmL fam); to steer clear of sb

sacar(le) el cuerpo a algo ( AmL fam) (a un trabajo) to get out of sth; (a una responsabilidad) to evade o shirk sth

suelto de cuerpo (CS fam); cool as anything ( colloq), cool as you like ( colloq)

2 (cadáver) body, corpse

allí encontraron su cuerpo sin vida ( frml); his lifeless body was found there

misa

3 (tronco) body

Compuesto:

cuerpo del delito

corpus delicti

B ( Dep, Equ) length

ganó por tres cuerpos de ventaja she won by three lengths

C

1 (parte principal) main body

2 (de un mueble) part; (de un edificio) section

un armario de dos cuerpos a double wardrobe

D (conjunto)

1 (de personas) body

se negaron a hacer declaraciones como cuerpo they refused to make any statement as a body o group

su separación del cuerpo his dismissal from the force ( o service etc)

2 (de ideas, normas) body

Compuestos:

● cuerpo de baile

corps de ballet

● cuerpo de bomberos

fire department ( AmE), fire brigade ( BrE)

● cuerpo de doctrina

body of teaching

● cuerpo de leyes

body of laws

● cuerpo de paz

peace corps

● cuerpo de policía

police force

● cuerpo de seguridad

security corps

● cuerpo diplomático

diplomatic corps

● cuerpo electoral

electorate

● cuerpo legislativo

legislative body

● cuerpo médico

medical corps

E ( Fís)

1 (objeto) body, object

2 (sustancia) substance

Compuestos:

● cuerpo celeste

heavenly body

● cuerpo compuesto

compound

● cuerpo extraño

foreign body

● cuerpo geométrico

geometric shape o figure

● cuerpo simple

element

F (consistencia, densidad) body

una tela de mucho cuerpo a heavy cloth

un vino de mucho cuerpo a full-bodied wine

le da cuerpo al pelo it gives the hair body

dar/tomar cuerpo: la escultura iba tomando cuerpo the sculpture was taking shape

hay que dar cuerpo legal a estas asociaciones we have to give legal status to these organizations

G ( Impr) point size

* * *

cuerpo sustantivo masculino
1
a) (Anat) body;

◊ el cuerpo humano the human body;

retrato/espejo de cuerpo entero full-length portrait/mirror;
cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand
b) ( cadáver) body, corpse

c) (Fís) ( objeto) body, object

2 (conjunto de personas, de ideas, normas) body;
◊ cuerpo de bomberos fire department (AmE), fire brigade (BrE);

cuerpo de policía police force;
cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps
3 (consistencia, densidad) body;
◊ de mucho cuerpo ‹ tela› heavy;

‹ vino› full-bodied
cuerpo sustantivo masculino
1 body
2 (humano) body, (tronco humano) trunk
3 (cadáver) corpse
4 (de un edificio o mueble) section, part
un armario de tres cuerpos, a wardrobe with three sections
(de un libro, una doctrina) body
5 (grupo) corps, force
cuerpo de bomberos, fire brigade
cuerpo diplomático, diplomatic corps
♦ Locuciones: figurado tomar cuerpo, to take shape
a cuerpo de rey, like a king
cuerpo a cuerpo, hand-to-hand
de cuerpo entero, full-length
de cuerpo presente, lying in state
un retrato de medio cuerpo, a half portrait
' cuerpo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abotargarse
- adormecerse
- apéndice
- caída
- caído
- cd
- deformar
- deformarse
- delito
- derecha
- derecho
- desnuda
- desnudo
- dilatar
- dilatarse
- diplomática
- diplomático
- el
- encima
- encoger
- extraña
- extraño
- grasa
- guardia
- holgada
- holgado
- inclinación
- interfecta
- interfecto
- línea
- llaga
- lugar
- perecedera
- perecedero
- proporcionada
- proporcionado
- quiebro
- rebanar
- reclinar
- silueta
- titilar
- vaivén
- volverse
- abotagado
- asamblea
- bola
- bombero
- bulto
- cana
- carga
English:
attitude
- bar
- beauty spot
- bodice
- body
- bow
- bruise
- corps
- decay
- diplomatic corps
- figure
- fire brigade
- fire department
- force
- full-length
- hair
- legislative
- over
- police force
- position
- proportionate
- their
- tingly
- carcass
- department
- faculty
- fellow
- fire
- foreign
- full
- length
- profession
- riddle
- rigor mortis
- wash

* * *

cuerpo nm

1. [objeto material] body

Comp
Astron cuerpo celeste heavenly body; Quím cuerpo compuesto compound;
cuerpo extraño foreign body;
Náut cuerpo muerto mooring buoy; Fís cuerpo negro black body; Quím cuerpo simple element
2. [de persona, animal] body;

el cuerpo humano the human body;

tiene un cuerpo estupendo he's got a great body;

¡cuerpo a tierra! hit the ground!, get down!;

luchar cuerpo a cuerpo to fight hand-to-hand;

de medio cuerpo [retrato, espejo] half-length;

de cuerpo entero [retrato, espejo] full-length;

Comp
Fam
a cuerpo (gentil) without a coat on;

Comp

a cuerpo descubierto o [m5]limpio: se enfrentaron a cuerpo descubierto o [m5] limpio they fought each other hand-to-hand;

Comp

dar con el cuerpo en la tierra to fall down;

Comp
Fam
dejar mal cuerpo: la comida le dejó muy mal cuerpo the meal disagreed with him;

la discusión con mi padre me dejó muy mal cuerpo the argument with my father left a bad taste in my mouth;

Comp

en cuerpo y alma: se dedicó en cuerpo y alma a ayudar a los necesitados he devoted himself body and soul to helping the poor;

se entrega en cuerpo y alma a la empresa she gives her all for the company;

Comp
Fam
demasiado para el cuerpo: ¡esta película es demasiado para el cuerpo! this movie o Br film is just great!, Br this film is the business!;

Comp

echarse algo al cuerpo: se echó al cuerpo dos botellas de vino he downed two bottles of wine;

Comp
Fam Euf
hacer de cuerpo to relieve oneself;

Comp

le metieron el miedo en el cuerpo they filled her with fear, they scared her stiff;

Comp
Fam
pedir algo el cuerpo: esta noche el cuerpo me pide bailar I'm in the mood for dancing tonight;

no bebas más si no te lo pide el cuerpo don't have any more to drink if you don't feel like it;

Comp
Am Fam
sacarle el cuerpo a algo to get out of (doing) sth;

Comp
RP Fam
suelto de cuerpo as cool o nice as you like o please;

a pesar de todo lo que le dije, después se me acercó muy suelto de cuerpo despite everything I said to him, he came up to me later as cool o nice as you like;

Comp
Fam
tratar a alguien a cuerpo de rey to treat sb like royalty o like a king;

Comp
Fam
vivir a cuerpo de rey to live like a king

3. [tronco] trunk

4. [parte principal] main body;

el cuerpo del libro the main part o body of the book

5. [densidad, consistencia] thickness;

la tela de este vestido tiene mucho cuerpo this dress is made from a very heavy cloth;

un vino con mucho cuerpo a full-bodied wine;

dar cuerpo a [salsa] to thicken;

tomar cuerpo: mover hasta que la mezcla tome cuerpo stir until the mixture thickens;

están tomando cuerpo los rumores de remodelación del gobierno the rumoured cabinet reshuffle is beginning to look like a distinct possibility;

el proyecto de nuevo aeropuerto va tomando cuerpo the new airport project is taking shape

6. [cadáver] body, corpse;

de cuerpo presente (lying) in state

7. [corporación consular, militar] corps;

el agente fue expulsado del cuerpo por indisciplina the policeman was thrown out of the force for indiscipline

Comp
cuerpo de baile dance company;
cuerpo de bomberos Br fire brigade, US fire department;

cuerpo diplomático diplomatic corps;

cuerpo del ejército army corps;

cuerpo expedicionario expeditionary force;

cuerpo médico medical corps;

cuerpo de policía police force

8. [conjunto de informaciones] body;

cuerpo de doctrina body of ideas, doctrine;

cuerpo legal body of legislation

9. [parte de armario, edificio] section

10. [parte de vestido] body, bodice

11. [en carreras] length;

el caballo ganó por cuatro cuerpos the horse won by four lengths

12. Der cuerpo del delito corpus delicti, = evidence of a crime or means of perpetrating it

13. Imprenta point;

letra de cuerpo diez ten point font

* * *

cuerpo

m

1 body;

cuerpo a cuerpo hand-to-hand;

retrato de cuerpo entero/de medio cuerpo full-length/half-length portrait;

a cuerpo de rey like a king;

en cuerpo y alma body and soul;

aún estaba de cuerpo presente he had not yet been buried;

me lo pide el cuerpo I feel like it;

hacer del cuerpo euph do one’s business

2 de policía force;

cuerpo (de ejército) corps

3

:

tomar cuerpo take shape

* * *

cuerpo nm

1) : body

2) : corps

* * *

cuerpo n

1. (en general) body [pl. bodies]

el cuerpo humano the human body

2. (tronco) trunk

a cuerpo without a coat

tomar cuerpo to take shape [pt. took; pp. taken]

cuerpo de bomberos fire brigade

Spanish-English dictionary > cuerpo
16 talla

f.

1 size (medida).

¿qué talla usas? what size are you?

no es de mi talla it's not my size

2 height (estatura).

es de mi talla she's as tall as me

3 stature.

dar la talla to be up to it

no dio la talla como representante del colegio he wasn't up to the task of representing his school

4 carving (art) (en madera).

5 cutting.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: tallar.

* * *

talla

► nombre femenino

1 (estatura) height

2 figurado (moral, intelectual) stature

3 (de prenda) size

■ ¿qué talla usa? what size is he?

4 (escultura) carving, sculpture

5 (tallado - piedras) cutting; (- metal) engraving

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar la talla para hacer algo figurado to be up to doing something

■ no da la talla para el trabajo he's not up to the job

de talla / de mucha talla figurado outstanding, prominent

* * *

noun f.

1) carving

2) cutting

3) height

4) stature

5) size

* * *
I
SF

1) [de ropa] size

camisas de todas las tallas — shirts in all sizes

¿de qué talla son estos pantalones? — what size are these trousers?

2) (=altura) height

dar la talla — (lit) to be tall enough; (fig) to measure up

no ha dado la talla para ingresar en el ejército — he wasn't tall enough to join the army, he didn't satisfy the minimum height requirement for joining the army

no dio la talla como solista — he didn't make the grade as a soloist, he didn't measure up as a soloist

no dio la talla en la disputa — he couldn't hold his own in the argument

tener poca talla — to be short

3) (=categoría, nivel) stature

hay pocos políticos de la talla de este ministro — there are few politicians of the stature of this minister

4) (Arte) (=escultura) sculpture; [de madera] carving; (=grabado) engraving

talla en madera — woodwork, wood carving

5) (=vara) measuring rod

6) (Naipes) hand

7) (Med) † gallstones operation

8) (Jur) † reward ( for capture of a criminal)

poner a algn a talla — to offer a reward for sb's capture
II
SF

1) CAm (=mentira) fib, lie

2) Cono Sur (=chismes) gossip, chitchat; (=piropo) compliment

echar tallas a algn — to pay a compliment to a woman

- echar talla

3) And (=paliza) beating

4) Méx * (=pelea) set-to *, squabble

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Indum) size

¿cuál es su talla? — what size are you?

de o en todas las tallas — in all sizes

b) ( estatura) size, height

de talla mediana — of medium height

dar la talla — ( en altura) to be tall enough; ( mostrarse competente) to make the grade, measure up

c) ( categoría)

un escritor de talla internacional — a writer of international stature

una revista de la talla de `Semana' — a magazine as important as `Semana'

2) ( escultura) sculpture; ( de madera) carving; ( de piedras preciosas) cutting

3) (AmL) (Jueg)

a) ( repartición) deal

b) ( banca) bank

4) (Chi fam)

a) ( dicho) joke, wisecrack (colloq)

b) ( broma) practical joke

* * *

= carving.

Ex. She situates the vessels in the context of Icelandic carving traditions in horn, bone, and walrus ivory = Ella sitúa las vasijas en el contexto de la tradición islandesa de la escultura en astas de cuernos, huesos y marfil de morsa.

----

* dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.

* de talla media = middle-sized.

* de talla mundial = world-class.

* talla de madera = wood carving.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) (Indum) size

¿cuál es su talla? — what size are you?

de o en todas las tallas — in all sizes

b) ( estatura) size, height

de talla mediana — of medium height

dar la talla — ( en altura) to be tall enough; ( mostrarse competente) to make the grade, measure up

c) ( categoría)

un escritor de talla internacional — a writer of international stature

una revista de la talla de `Semana' — a magazine as important as `Semana'

2) ( escultura) sculpture; ( de madera) carving; ( de piedras preciosas) cutting

3) (AmL) (Jueg)

a) ( repartición) deal

b) ( banca) bank

4) (Chi fam)

a) ( dicho) joke, wisecrack (colloq)

b) ( broma) practical joke

* * *

= carving.

Ex: She situates the vessels in the context of Icelandic carving traditions in horn, bone, and walrus ivory = Ella sitúa las vasijas en el contexto de la tradición islandesa de la escultura en astas de cuernos, huesos y marfil de morsa.

* dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.

* de talla media = middle-sized.

* de talla mundial = world-class.

* talla de madera = wood carving.

* * *

talla

feminine

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Indum) size

¿cuál es su talla? what size are you?

¿qué talla usa? what size do you take?

una camisa de la talla 42 a size 42 shirt

te hace falta una talla más you need the next size up o a size larger

calcetines de talla única one-size socks

abrigos en todas las tallas coats in all sizes

2 (estatura) size, height

de talla mediana of medium height

dar la talla (en altura) to be tall enough; (mostrarse competente) to make the grade, measure up

3

(categoría): un escritor de talla internacional/de gran talla a writer of international/of considerable stature

una revista de la talla de `Semana' a magazine as important as `Semana'

B

1 (escultura) sculpture

2 (de madera) carving

3 (de piedras preciosas) cutting

C (de reclutas) measuring ( and kitting out)

D ( AmL) (en naipes)

1 (repartición) deal

2 (banca) bank

¿quién tiene or lleva la talla? who's the bank?, who's banker?

E ( Chi fam)

1 (dicho) joke, wisecrack ( colloq)

2 (broma) practical joke

* * *

Del verbo tallar: ( conjugate tallar)

talla es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
talla
tallar
talla sustantivo femenino
a) (Indum) size;

◊ ¿cuál es su talla? what size are you?;

de o en todas las tallas in all sizes
b) ( estatura) size, height;

◊ de talla mediana of medium height

tallar ( conjugate tallar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ madera› to carve;
‹escultura/mármol› to sculpt;
‹ piedras preciosas› to cut
2 (Méx)
a) ( para limpiar) to scrub

b) ( para aliviar) to rub

verbo intransitivo (Col) [ zapatos] to be too tight
tallarse verbo pronominal (Méx)
a) ( para limpiarse) to scrub oneself

b) ( para aliviar) to rub oneself;

‹ ojos› to rub
talla sustantivo femenino
1 (de ropa) size
¿cuál es tu talla?, what size are you?
2 (altura) height, stature: no da la talla para jugar al baloncesto, he's not tall enough to play basketball
3 (categoría, importancia) standing
un pintor de gran talla, a painter of great stature
4 (acción de tallar: piedras preciosas) cutting
(: madera) carving
(: metal) engraving
5 (escultura tallada) sculpture, (wood) carving
♦ Locuciones: figurado dar la talla, to make the grade, measure up
tallar verbo transitivo
1 (dar forma, esculpir) to sculpt
(piedras preciosas) to cut
(la madera) to carve
(el metal) to engrave
2 (medir a una persona) to measure the height of
' talla' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
belleza
- mayor
- sentar
- única
- único
- quedar
English:
fit
- height
- M
- scratch
- size
- take
- wanting
- woodcarving
- carving
- L
- medium
- out
- preferably
- stature

* * *

talla nf

1. [medida] size;

¿qué talla usas? what size are you?;

¿qué talla de camisa usas? what size shirt are you?, what size shirt do you take?;

yo uso la talla XL I take size XL;

unos pantalones de la talla 44 a pair of size 44 trousers;

gorros de talla única one-size caps;

no es de mi talla it's not my size

2. [estatura] height;

¿qué talla tiene el bebé? what does the baby measure?;

es de mi talla she's my height

3. [valor, capacidad] stature;

hay pocos atletas de la talla del cubano there are few athletes to match the Cuban;

políticos de gran talla moral politicians of considerable moral stature;

Comp

dar la talla to be up to it;

no dio la talla como representante del colegio he wasn't up to the task of representing his school

4. [figura tallada] [en madera] carving;
[en piedra] sculpture, carving; [en metal] sculpture
5. [tallado] [de madera] carving;
[piedra] sculpting, carving; [de metal] sculpting; [de piedras preciosas] cutting
* * *

talla

f

1 size;

de gran talla fig outstanding;

dar la talla fig make the grade

2 ( estatura) height

3 C.Am. ( mentira) lie

* * *

talla nf

1) estatura: height

2) : size (in clothing)

3) : stature, status

4) : sculpture, carving

* * *

talla n (de ropa) size

¿qué talla usas? what size are you?

necesito una talla más grande I need a bigger size

dar la talla to be good enough

Spanish-English dictionary > talla
17 corpo

"body;

Schaft;

Körper;

corpo"

* * *

m body

military corps

corpo celeste heavenly body

corpo diplomatico diplomatic corps

corpo di ballo dancers pl

(a) corpo a corpo hand-to-hand

* * *

corpo s.m.

1 body; ( corporatura) physique, build: il corpo umano, the human body; ha un corpo molto slanciato, his body (o physique) is very slim; un corpo atletico, an athletic body (o build); ( ginnastica) esercizi a corpo libero, freestyle gymnastics; mente sana in corpo sano, (prov.) a sound mind in a sound body // corpo di Bacco!, by Jove! // lotta corpo a corpo, hand-to-hand struggle, ( boxe) infighting; lottare corpo a corpo, to struggle hand-to-hand; ( boxe) bloccare in un corpo a corpo, to clinch // darsi a qlco. anima e corpo, to throw oneself body and soul into sthg. // a corpo morto, head-long; furiously: si è buttato a corpo morto in quel lavoro, he threw himself headlong into the job // i piaceri del corpo, the pleasures of the flesh; mortificare il corpo, to mortify the flesh // passare sul corpo di qlcu., to pass over s.o. // avere il diavolo in corpo, to be possessed; l'avrebbe strozzato con la rabbia che aveva in corpo, she was so angry she could have strangled him // senza corpo, bodiless (o incorporeal) // dar corpo a qlco., to make sthg. come true; è riuscito a dar corpo ai suoi sogni, he managed to make his dreams come true; dar corpo alle ombre, to imagine things; a mio avviso stai solo dando corpo alle ombre, I think you're just imagining things (o you're letting your imagination run away with you)

2 ( cadavere) body, corpse; (non com.) corpus: seppellire un corpo, to bury a body; il corpo si trovava sul pavimento in biblioteca, the body was lying on the floor in the library

3 ( parte principale) body, main part, core: il corpo di un edificio, the body (o main part) of a building; il corpo di un discorso, the core of a speech // far corpo con qlco., to be an integral part of sthg. // corpo di una nave, hull // corpo di una caldaia, boiler shell

4 ( oggetto) body; corpo semplice, simple body; corpo composto, compound body; i corpi celesti, heavenly (o celestial) bodies; (med.) corpo estraneo, foreign body (o foreign matter); (mar.) corpo morto, anchor log // (fis.) corpo nero, blackbody // (dir.): corpo del reato, material evidence; corpo contundente, blunt instrument

5 ( organismo) corps: corpo diplomatico, diplomatic corps; corpo d'armata, army corps; il corpo degli Alpini, the Alpine corps // corpo insegnante, teaching staff // corpo di ballo, (corps de) ballet // corpo di guardia, guards // corpo di spedizione, task force // spirito di corpo, team spirit

6 ( raccolta, insieme) body: corpo di case, body of houses; corpo di leggi, body of laws // (econ.) vendita a corpo, bulk sale // (miner.) corpo minerario, orebody // (mat.) corpo non commutativo, corpo sghembo, skew field

7 (fam.) ( ventre) stomach; belly: avere dolori di corpo, to have a stomachache; mettersi in corpo, to eat; andare di corpo, to evacuate one's bowels (o to have a bowel movement)

8 (anat.) corpus*: corpo cavernoso, corpus cavernosum; corpo vitreo, corpus vitreum

9 (tip.) body, size, point size: corpo 6, 6-point body; stampare in corpo 9, to print in 9-point.

* * *
['kɔrpo]
1. sm

(gen) Chim fig body, (cadavere) corpse, (dead) body, (di opere) corpus

corpo liquido/gassoso — liquid/gaseous substance

non ho niente in corpo da stamattina — I haven't eaten anything since this morning

darsi anima e corpo a — to give o.s. heart and soul to

(a) corpo a corpo agg — hand-to-hand

andare di corpo — to empty one's bowels

dare corpo a qc — to give substance to sth

prendere corpo — (idea, progetto) to take shape

a corpo morto fig — like a dead weight, heavily

lo colpì con tutta la forza che aveva in corpo — she hit him with all her strength

l'incendio ha divorato l'intero corpo dell'edificio — the fire destroyed the entire building

l'intero corpo delle opere di Leopardi — the entire works of Leopardi

esercizi a corpo libero — floor exercises

2.

- corpo d'armata

- corpo di ballo

- corpo dei carabinieri

- corpo celeste

- corpo a corpo

- corpo diplomatico

- corpo elettorale

- corpo estraneo

- corpo di guardia

- corpo insegnante

- corpo dei pompieri

- corpo del reato

- corpo di spedizione

* * *
['kɔrpo]
sostantivo maschile

1) body

corpo umano — human body

linguaggio del corpo — body language

lotta corpo a corpo — hand-to-hand fight

lottare corpo a corpo — to fight hand to hand

2) (cadavere) (dead) body, corpse

passare sul corpo di qcn. — fig. to do sth. over sb.'s dead body

3) (gruppo)

corpo medico — medical profession

corpo insegnante — teaching staff

il corpo elettorale — the electorate

spirito di corpo — team spirit, esprit de corps

4) mil. corps*

corpo d'armata — army corps

corpo di polizia — police force

corpo dei pompieri — fire service o brigade

5) (di dottrina, testo)

un corpo di leggi — a body of laws

6) tecn. (parte principale) body

7) (consistenza)

dare corpo — to give body

prendere corpo — to take shape

8) (oggetto) object

corpo contundente — blunt instrument

9) fis. body

10) tip. (di carattere) type size, point size

•

corpo di ballo — ballet company, corps de ballet

corpo celeste — celestial o heavenly body

corpo di Cristo — body of Christ

corpo diplomatico — diplomatic corps

corpo estraneo — foreign body

corpo di guardia — (guardie) guards pl.; (luogo) guardhouse

corpo del reato — dir. corpus delicti

••

andare di corpo — to have a bowel movement o a motion

avere il diavolo in corpo — to be like someone possessed

buttarsi a corpo morto in qcs. — to fling oneself into sth.

cadere a corpo morto — to fall heavily

* * *

corpo

/'kɔrpo/

sostantivo m.

1 body; corpo umano human body; linguaggio del corpo body language; lotta corpo a corpo hand-to-hand fight; lottare corpo a corpo to fight hand to hand

2 (cadavere) (dead) body, corpse; passare sul corpo di qcn. fig. to do sth. over sb.'s dead body

3 (gruppo) corpo medico medical profession; corpo insegnante teaching staff; il corpo elettorale the electorate; spirito di corpo team spirit, esprit de corps

4 mil. corps*; corpo d'armata army corps; corpo di polizia police force; corpo dei pompieri fire service o brigade

5 (di dottrina, testo) un corpo di leggi a body of laws

6 tecn. (parte principale) body

7 (consistenza) dare corpo to give body; prendere corpo to take shape

8 (oggetto) object; corpo contundente blunt instrument

9 fis. body

10 tip. (di carattere) type size, point size

IDIOMS

andare di corpo to have a bowel movement o a motion; avere il diavolo in corpo to be like someone possessed; buttarsi a corpo morto in qcs. to fling oneself into sth.; cadere a corpo morto to fall heavily

\

COMPOUNDS

corpo di ballo ballet company, corps de ballet; corpo celeste celestial o heavenly body; corpo di Cristo body of Christ; corpo diplomatico diplomatic corps; corpo estraneo foreign body; corpo di guardia (guardie) guards pl.; (luogo) guardhouse; corpo del reato dir. corpus delicti.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > corpo
18 regular

['reɡjulə] 1. adjective
1) (usual: Saturday is his regular day for shopping; That isn't our regular postman, is it?) sædvanlig

2) ((American) normal: He's too handicapped to attend a regular school.) almindelig; normal

3) (occurring, acting etc with equal amounts of space, time etc between: They placed guards at regular intervals round the camp; Is his pulse regular?) regelmæssig

4) (involving doing the same things at the same time each day etc: a man of regular habits.) fast

5) (frequent: He's a regular visitor; He's one of our regular customers.) jævnlig; fast

6) (permanent; lasting: He's looking for a regular job.) fast

7) ((of a noun, verb etc) following one of the usual grammatical patterns of the language: `Walk' is a regular verb, but `go' is an irregular verb.) regelmæssig

8) (the same on both or all sides or parts; neat; symmetrical: a girl with regular features; A square is a regular figure.) regulær

9) (of ordinary size: I don't want the large size of packet - just give me the regular one.) medium; mellemstor

10) ((of a soldier) employed full-time, professional; (of an army) composed of regular soldiers.) professionel
2. noun
1) (a soldier in the regular army.) professionel soldat

2) (a regular customer (eg at a bar).) stamgæst

•

- regularity
- regularly
- regulate
- regulation
- regulator
* * *
['reɡjulə] 1. adjective
1) (usual: Saturday is his regular day for shopping; That isn't our regular postman, is it?) sædvanlig

2) ((American) normal: He's too handicapped to attend a regular school.) almindelig; normal

3) (occurring, acting etc with equal amounts of space, time etc between: They placed guards at regular intervals round the camp; Is his pulse regular?) regelmæssig

4) (involving doing the same things at the same time each day etc: a man of regular habits.) fast

5) (frequent: He's a regular visitor; He's one of our regular customers.) jævnlig; fast

6) (permanent; lasting: He's looking for a regular job.) fast

7) ((of a noun, verb etc) following one of the usual grammatical patterns of the language: `Walk' is a regular verb, but `go' is an irregular verb.) regelmæssig

8) (the same on both or all sides or parts; neat; symmetrical: a girl with regular features; A square is a regular figure.) regulær

9) (of ordinary size: I don't want the large size of packet - just give me the regular one.) medium; mellemstor

10) ((of a soldier) employed full-time, professional; (of an army) composed of regular soldiers.) professionel
2. noun
1) (a soldier in the regular army.) professionel soldat

2) (a regular customer (eg at a bar).) stamgæst

•

- regularity
- regularly
- regulate
- regulation
- regulator

English-Danish dictionary > regular
19 regular

['regjʊlə(r)] 1.
aggettivo

1) (evenly arranged) [intervals, features] regolare

on a regular basis — regolarmente

to take regular exercise — allenarsi regolarmente

2) (usual) [activity, customer, visitor] abituale; comm. [price, size] normale

I am a regular listener to your programme — sono un vostro fedele ascoltatore

3) (constant)

to be in regular employment — avere un impiego fisso

4) BE amm. mil. [soldier, army] permanente; [ staff] effettivo

5) (honest) [procedure, method] regolare

6) colloq. (thorough) vero e proprio

he's a regular crook — è un furfante matricolato

7) AE colloq. (nice)

he's a regular guy — è un tipo a posto
2.
nome

1) (habitual client) cliente m. e f. abituale, cliente m. e f. fisso (-a); (habitual visitor) frequentatore m. (-trice) abituale

2) BE mil. soldato m. permanente

3) AE (petrol) benzina f. normale

* * *
['reɡjulə] 1. adjective
1) (usual: Saturday is his regular day for shopping; That isn't our regular postman, is it?) abituale

2) ((American) normal: He's too handicapped to attend a regular school.) normale

3) (occurring, acting etc with equal amounts of space, time etc between: They placed guards at regular intervals round the camp; Is his pulse regular?) regolare

4) (involving doing the same things at the same time each day etc: a man of regular habits.) regolare, fisso

5) (frequent: He's a regular visitor; He's one of our regular customers.) abituale

6) (permanent; lasting: He's looking for a regular job.) fisso

7) ((of a noun, verb etc) following one of the usual grammatical patterns of the language: `Walk' is a regular verb, but `go' is an irregular verb.) regolare

8) (the same on both or all sides or parts; neat; symmetrical: a girl with regular features; A square is a regular figure.) regolare

9) (of ordinary size: I don't want the large size of packet - just give me the regular one.) normale

10) ((of a soldier) employed full-time, professional; (of an army) composed of regular soldiers.) regolare
2. noun
1) (a soldier in the regular army.) (soldato dell'esercito regolare)

2) (a regular customer (eg at a bar).) (cliente abituale/fisso)

•

- regularity
- regularly
- regulate
- regulation
- regulator
* * *
['regjʊlə(r)] 1.
aggettivo

1) (evenly arranged) [intervals, features] regolare

on a regular basis — regolarmente

to take regular exercise — allenarsi regolarmente

2) (usual) [activity, customer, visitor] abituale; comm. [price, size] normale

I am a regular listener to your programme — sono un vostro fedele ascoltatore

3) (constant)

to be in regular employment — avere un impiego fisso

4) BE amm. mil. [soldier, army] permanente; [ staff] effettivo

5) (honest) [procedure, method] regolare

6) colloq. (thorough) vero e proprio

he's a regular crook — è un furfante matricolato

7) AE colloq. (nice)

he's a regular guy — è un tipo a posto
2.
nome

1) (habitual client) cliente m. e f. abituale, cliente m. e f. fisso (-a); (habitual visitor) frequentatore m. (-trice) abituale

2) BE mil. soldato m. permanente

3) AE (petrol) benzina f. normale

English-Italian dictionary > regular
20 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

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size — I UK [saɪz] / US noun Word forms size : singular size plural sizes *** 1) [countable/uncountable] how large or small something is size of: an engine size of 2000 cc Moscow s metro system is less than half the size of New York s. reduce/increase… … English dictionary
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size*/*/*/ — [saɪz] noun I 1) [C/U] a measurement of how large or small something is balloons of all shapes and sizes[/ex] The president has promised to reduce the size of the army.[/ex] 2) [C] one of a series of standard measurements according to which goods … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
Army Medical Department (United States) — Army Medical Department … Wikipedia
Army Group Vistula — ( de. Heeresgruppe Weichsel ) was an Army Group of the Wehrmacht , formed on January 241945. It was put together from elements of Army Group A (shattered in the Soviet Vistula Oder Offensive), Army Group Centre (similarly largely destroyed in the … Wikipedia
Army Of The Pharaohs — ist eine US amerikanische Hip Hop Gruppe aus Philadelphia, Pennsylvania und wurde 1998 von dem Rapper Vinnie Paz (Jedi Mind Tricks) ins Leben gerufen. Die Gruppe versteht sich mehr als freier Zusammenschluss von talentierten Rappern aus der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Army of the Pharaohs — ist eine US amerikanische Hip Hop Gruppe aus Philadelphia, Pennsylvania und wurde 1998 von dem Rapper Vinnie Paz (Jedi Mind Tricks) ins Leben gerufen. Die Gruppe versteht sich als freier Zusammenschluss von talentierten Rappern aus der Ostküste.… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Army of the Potomac — Infobox Military Unit unit name=Army of the Potomac caption=Commanders of the Army of the Potomac at Culpeper, Virginia, 1863. From the left: Gouverneur K. Warren, William H. French, George G. Meade, Henry J. Hunt, Andrew A. Humphreys, George… … Wikipedia
Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution — Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps redirects here. It is not to be confused with Revolutionary Guard Corps. Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی Active … Wikipedia

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